The ongoing El Niño phenomenon is predicted to remain strong into early 2027, bringing an increased risk of extreme heat and shifting rainfall patterns globally. The impact will vary by country, and while specific forecasts for Sierra Leone remain unclear regarding drought, flooding, or heat-related fatalities, residents are advised to prepare for potential water shortages and food supply disruption.
To protect themselves and their families, Sierra Leoneans should follow these eight guidelines:
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Stay Hydrated: Drink water regularly, especially when outdoors. Carry water while travelling, seek shade, and wear light clothing. Those with fluid intake restrictions should consult their doctors.
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Limit Heat Exposure: outdoor workers, including farmers and market traders, should take breaks in shaded areas and schedule strenuous tasks for cooler parts of the day.
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Cool Your Home: Use curtains or shades during peak sunlight hours and keep windows open when it’s cooler outside. Cool baths or damp cloths can help reduce body temperature.
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Safeguard Drinking Water: Store water in clean, covered containers. If uncertain about its safety, boil or treat it accordingly, and keep it away from potential contaminants.
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Prepare for Heavy Rainfall: Clear drainage systems and protect important documents in waterproof bags. Identify safe locations in case of flooding and avoid crossing flooded areas, particularly if you live on unstable hillsides.
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Plan for Food Disruptions: Farmers should heed agricultural advisories about weather impacts. Households should stockpile modest amounts of non-perishable food when possible and avoid panic-buying.
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Prevent Diseases: Use insecticide-treated mosquito nets and eliminate standing water at home. Seek prompt medical attention for symptoms like fever or persistent diarrhoea.
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Support Vulnerable People: Check on children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with chronic conditions during extreme heat waves, especially individuals living alone.
These precautions align with the World Health Organization’s guidance concerning heat-related illnesses linked to El Niño.
Recognising Heat Stroke: Heat stroke is a serious condition marked by a body temperature over 40°C and failure of the body’s cooling system. Symptoms include confusion, fainting, and difficulty staying conscious. If someone shows these signs, move them to a cooler location, apply water-soaked cloths for cooling, and seek emergency help.
Reliable Weather Updates: The Sierra Leone Meteorological Agency offers national weather forecasts. Residents are encouraged to stay informed through the National Disaster Management Agency and public health authorities. In October 2026, the Meteorological Agency launched a strategy to enhance weather forecasting and early warning services. Additionally, Freetown City Council is training health workers to manage heat-related health issues, reflecting growing concern regarding extreme temperatures in the capital.
